The World Trade Organization authorizes new US retaliatory tariffs on EU imports in one of the biggest and longest-running formal disputes in history. Former WTO Appellate Member Jennifer Hillman (Council on Foreign Relations) joins to explain the complexity of the case and what happens next. They discuss WTO rules on subsidies, upcoming US retaliatory tariffs on imported airplanes, billions of dollars of imported European cheeses, alcohol, and other consumer products, as well as the products the United States left off this round of retaliation.

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• Soumaya Keynes. 2019. America is preparing to hit $7.5bn-worth of European imports with tariffs. The Economist, October 3.