At the major port in Madagascar, a handful of corrupt customs officials were cheating their government out of millions of dollars of tax revenues. Ana Fernandes (The World Bank) explains how her team used economic tools to catch them and how the corruption later returned in a new form (37:11).

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• Chalendard, Cyril, Ana M. Fernandes, Gael Raballand, and Bob Rijkers. 2023. Corruption in Customs. Quarterly Journal of Economics 138, no. 1: 575-636.